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- BOOKS, Page 78Economics Made Simplistic
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- By WALTER SHAPIRO
-
- THE WORK OF NATIONS
- By Robert B. Reich
- Knopf; 331 pages; $24
-
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- Since the invention of supply-side economics, most of the
- slick idea packagers in American life have been conservatives
- who view taxes with the horror that Carry Nation once reserved
- for saloons. Harvard political economist Robert Reich is the
- rare exception, a glib and unrepentant liberal who has become
- -- almost by default -- the John Kenneth Galbraith of the
- baby-boom generation. The publication of Reich's new economic
- synthesis, The Work of Nations, comes in the midst of a
- Republican recession with record budget and troubling trade
- deficits. But rather than indulging in hand wringing and
- partisan I-told-you-sos, Reich adopts a surprisingly upbeat,
- almost gee-whiz, tone as he describes the New Age world
- economy.
-
- Reich's thesis is sound-bite simple: economic nationalism
- has become as outmoded as the typewriter. The dominance of
- globe-girdling corporations like IBM, Sony and Siemens has
- rendered America irrelevant in a traditional economic sense,
- along with all national borders. This "global web" (a favorite
- Reich phrase) means that today "a sports car is financed in
- Japan, designed in Italy, and assembled in Indiana." Thus it is
- folly to subsidize or even root for an American company
- against its Japanese or European competitors, since such
- national labels are just convenient fictions, like tankers
- flying the Panamanian flag. What matters to Reich, pure and
- simple, is high-quality jobs and an American work force
- prepared to fill them.
-
- Think of Reich's achievement, wiping away most of America's
- purported economic problems in 331 pages. The trade imbalance
- becomes a meaningless statistic, since it is primarily caused
- by "American-owned firms making things abroad." The budget
- deficit is a mere piffle in a world where financial capital
- sloshes over national borders. The book ridicules as "outmoded
- thinking" fears that foreigners are buying up America. "As
- corporations of all nations are transformed into global webs,"
- Reich explains, "the important question . . . is not which
- nation's citizens own what, but which nation's citizens learn
- how to do what."
-
- But are giant corporations truly international bastions of
- equal-opportunity employment? A seemingly innocuous footnote
- jeopardizes the book's central argument. After praising Sony
- for its global management team, Reich concedes in tiny type
- that the general pattern is that the "directors and top
- officers of Japanese corporations are uniformly Japanese." Wait
- a second. If most Japanese companies are still so xenophobic,
- does this not suggest that high-quality jobs for Americans are,
- in truth, quite limited?
-
- In the last half of the book, Reich abruptly shifts from
- Pangloss to pessimist with an artful analysis of the nation's
- class cleavages. He correctly identifies the growing economic
- and social gap between the well-educated elite ("the fortunate
- fifth") and the rest of the nation as the major threat to
- future prosperity. His remedies are mostly liberal boiler
- plate: progressive taxation, job training and reinvestment in
- the nation's infrastructure. Familiar Reich stuff -- but
- probably not the right stuff for Democrats hungering for an
- economic road map toward 1992 and beyond.
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